Calgary International Airport (YYC/CYYC), Canada

Towards the end of 1997, Calgary International Airport (Alberta, Canada) implemented a ten-year development plan to radically improve facilities at the airport. The estimated investment for this plan at the time came to around $300m; by 2005 the expenditure on the airport facilities had reached a total of $728m.

Calgary now has a range of new up-to-date facilities, which will serve the airport well over the next 20 to 30 years. In August 2004, the airport introduced a $12 airport improvement fee (AIF) for every departing passenger from the airport to help pay for the new facilities.

Construction of the terminal complex cost $375m, roads and parking required $71m and the airfield pavement and buildings required $80m, the remainder was paid as rent for the facilities to the Government of Alberta.

AIR TRAFFIC GROWTH

Calgary International Airport has experienced a steady growth in the number of passengers over the last ten years and has adapted and expanded its facilities to accommodate these new numbers. Passenger volumes had reached 12.24 million by 2007, an increase of just over three million from the 2004 passenger figures (increasing at around one million a year).

The airport is one of only eight Canadian airports that have US Border pre-clearance facilities for international passengers.

The number of flights in and out of Calgary was around 250,000 by aircraft movements in 2007. This growth is a reflection of the city and province's continued economic growth and also the burgeoning tourist trade.

The airport is a focal point for business and the local economy. In 2004, the airport injected $2.8bn into the Calgary economy and this figure is expected to increase in the next decade to well over $3.5bn per year if the airport keeps growing at the same rate in passenger numbers.

Calgary is believed to have the potential to become a major inland distribution centre for north-western North America by virtue of its central geographic location and transportation infrastructure.

CALGARY CARGO FACILITIES

The main cargo facility for the airport is at apron II, which can handle up to four Boeing 747s. In addition apron VII is used as a cargo facility mostly for FedEx, Purolator and DHL.

FedEx uses the airport as a hub at the apron VII facility, which has been configured to hold two Boeing 727s and three McDonnell-Douglas MD-11s (used at this capacity since November 2004).

Purolator also has a cargo facility in the northwest corner of the airfield next to apron VII.

November 2007 has seen the start of construction at apron VII to give seven new parking pads including three for Purolator and DHL and four for FedEx. In addition UPS has started the construction of a new logistics centre, including an apron, which is directly southeast of the existing FedEx facility.

CONSTRUCTION

Calgary International Airport terminal has four concourses – A, B, C and D – and these have undergone some major upgrades and construction during the period of the development plan.

Concourses B and C handle international and cross-border flights using swing gates to swop between flights to the US and internal Canadian flights while A and D handle domestic traffic. The widening of concourse C officially opened in December 2004. The B/C concourse was also widened during 2005.

During 2005 the runways and taxiways also completed a programme of improvement and upgrading. The Taxiway Hotel now connects concourse D with the main taxiway, Charley, which improves the traffic flow for apron I. The airport currently has 33 passenger loading bridges.

Earlier projects included an extension to the car park (to seven levels), expansion to concourse A to accommodate four additional aircraft positions, and additional aircraft parking and taxiways, which were completed in 2001.

The $160m concourse D addition, which was part of a three-year, multi-phase expansion to the north end of the original terminal, opened in December 2002.

Features of the new facility included 11 aircraft loading bridges, 23 airline check-in and ticketing positions, 27,000m² additional public and operational space, seven new departure lounges, 93,000m² adjoining aircraft manoeuvring or parking area, nine post-security food and beverage outlets and 11 new retail concessions and in addition a 1,000-space addition to the terminal's seven-level parking garage connected to the new concourse D airline check-in and ticketing lobby.

Two other projects were completed in 2003. The first of these was the taxiway J extension to improve the efficiency of aircraft movements to and from the terminal gates on the east side of concourse A.

Taxiway J was designed to accommodate wide-body aircraft and was constructed with a concrete surface and asphalt shoulders to minimise erosion from jet blast. New taxiway JF was designed for narrow-body aircraft with an asphalt surface.

The second project involved the development of a groundside transportation system. Among the facilities incorporated in this were an employee parking area, a second administration building, over-height parking, a car park exit toll plaza, a taxi staging area, valet parking, a petrol station and a car wash.

RUNWAYS

The airport has three runways covering 472,000m². Runway 16-34 (3,863m) is the longest runway in Canada. This can be attributed to the relatively high elevation (3,556ft / 1,083m) of the airport and the need to support the largest passenger aircraft types. The two other runways, 10/28 and 07/25 are intersecting runways and are both used as relief runways at various times during operations.

Aircraft require more distance to take-off at higher elevations, because of the reduced air density associated with altitude. There is a plan (2004 masterplan) to build a parallel runway east of the airport (16L-34R) to accommodate more air traffic as the airport becomes busier (plans were first made for the new north south 16L-34R parallel runway over 30 years ago).

LEAD CONTRACTORS

Associated Engineering was awarded the contract for the design and construction administration of the two taxiways and the groundside transportation system. UMA Projects, in joint venture with PB Aviation Inc, planned the development project.

The contractors for the development of the airport's paging and flight information display system was Emergent Systems Corporation from Burnaby and MC².

EllisDon was the general constructor for most of the construction contracts particularly on concourse D. Can West Concrete Cutting and core drilling were involved in the airport apron expansions from 1997 to 2004.

The seven-level parkade expansion involved Gibbs Gage Architects, Read Jones Christoffersen Ltd as the consultant engineers and Ledcor as the general contractor.

The Cohos Evamy Partnership and NBBJ Architects, Seattle, Washington were responsible for the design of concourse D. For the concourse B/C modifications Conforce Structures precast prestressed concrete was used. The work was carried out by a PCL-Maxam Joint Venture (PCL Construction Management Inc and Maxam Contracting).

2004 MASTER PLAN

In 2004 a new 20-year masterplan was produced, which deals with further improvements in airport facilities including:

• Up to 100 loading bridges capable of processing approximately 35 million passengers a year
• A major passenger terminal development (expansion) along with associated apron areas planned in conjunction with the new proposed parallel runway
• A new internal road system, which provides separate routes for heavy trucks and passenger vehicles
• Extension of the LRT system to the passenger terminal
• Additional air freight facilities, including the development of a new air freight village
• Provisions for connections to future public transit (including light rail transit) and high-speed rail systems.