Europe

Arlanda Express
The Arlanda link comprises 40km of track.	Seven new four-car units have been built by ALSTOM.	The Arlanda Express opened in time for the new millennium.
Spacious interiors, colourful designs and wide windows allow for luxurious travel.	A CAD image of the proposed upgrading of part of Stockholm Central station.	The airport station will be utilised by both SJ and airport train services.
EMUs built by ALSTOM are currently involved in track trials.

BAA Airports
The runway at London Heathrow Airport.

Barcelona International Airport (El Prat)
Construction site of the new terminal.	Barcelona International Airport's new air traffic control tower.	El Prat's airport expansion project overall.
The commercial area of the new Barcelona Airport terminal.	The new terminal in use with terminal gates.	The existing terminal at Barcelona airport provides links to 50 European Union cities.
Airport terminal facilities for the reception of aircraft.	A map showing the position of Barcelona International Airport and the major surrounding population centres.	An Iberian Airlines 747 taking off from Barcelona International airport.

Belfast International Airport,
Belfast International Airport is centrally situated within Northern Ireland.	BIA passenger entrance.	Formerly known as Aldergrove Airport, the airport was renamed Belfast International in 1983.
Belfast International Airport departure lounge.	Departures redevelopment plan.	BIA check-in area.
Belfast's master plan envisages expansion of the airport between 2006-2015 and 2015-2030.

Berlin-Brandenburg International Airport,
Following a positive outcome in February 2006, construction of Berlin-Brandenburg International Airport will start in mid-2006 and be completed by 2011.	Layout of Berlin Schönefeld Airport prior to expansion into the BBI.	A 1.9km seepage basin has been constructed south of the current airport to handle wastewater from the construction site and prevent contamination of the groundwater.
Two villages will be displaced by the new airport. Archaeologists have been brought in to dig for any important findings before the site is lost forever beneath runway construction.	Layout of the new Berlin-Brandenburg International Airport.	The new Berlin-Brandenburg terminal will be midfield between two parallel runways.
An aerial plan showing the vicinity of the airport to Berlin.	Berlin-Brandenburg's InfoTower with its innovative architecture.	The Berlin-Brandenburg terminal building will have seven levels.
Berlin-Brandenburg Airport will have excellent integrated transport facilities with a railway station under the terminal building.	A cross section of the new Berlin-Brandenburg Airport terminal building.	The construction work on the terminal got underway in July 2008.
The new road leading to the Berlin-Brandenburg Airport terminal.

Bilbao Airport (BIO/LEBB)
How the new terminal at Bilbao Airport will look.	The air traffic control tower at Bilbao Airport.	Impression of Bilbao Airport from a flight simulator.
Aerial view of Bilbao (Sondika) Airport.	Drawing of Bilbao (Sondika) Airport.

Billund Airport (BLL/EKBI)
Billund Airport completed its expansion in May 2002.	The constant upgrading of the airport means that the facility offers reliability to those airlines using the airport.	The new terminal has ten aircraft parking stands linked by airbridges to the building.
The terminal is on a site north of the runway, and has plenty of space for future airport facilities.	Passengers are able to check-in from any desk to any destination without limitation.	The system will also incorporate a 100% hold baggage-screening programme.

Birmingham International Airport
Like most UK airports, security considerations have removed vehicle traffic from outside of Birmingham International terminal buildings.	Birmingham International (BIA) has origins in the late 1930s.	The original passenger facilities at Birmingham Airport were on the opposite side of the runway from the present terminals.
Birmingham International boasts easy access between its two terminals.	BIA expansion plans include extending from this end of terminal two.	Terminal two offers views of airport operations.
Birmingham's air-rail link carries passengers between the airport, the railway station and NEC.	BIA is unusual in the UK, having a mainline railway station, which also serves the nearby National Exhibition Centre.	Low-cost operator flybe has a strong presence at BIA.

Bremerhaven Airport (BRV/EDWB)
Bremerhaven local airport is being upgraded to become a regional airport.	Bremerhaven is on the north German coast.	Bremerhaven airport's terminal building.
The runway at Bremerhaven airport was upgraded to handle more domestic flights.	Pilots gained experience of the precision approach landing system installed at Bremerhaven during the testing phase.	Runway lighting at Bremerhaven airport was upgraded.

Bristol International Airport Expansion
Bristol's air traffic control is second to none at the facility and is operated in a 20-year deal with NATS (National Air Traffic Control).	Continental now runs a daily flight to New York from Bristol International Airport.	Aer Lingus runs many daily services from Bristol International Airport.
Easy Jet have made an impression by contributing to Bristol International's passenger numbers.

Cardiff International Airport
Cardiff International Airport is situated very centrally for South Wales.	Cardiff Airport terminal has good transport infrastructure with a railway station close by and excellent bus route cover.	Cardiff's existing terminal building; this is set to be expanded in the new master plan.
An artist's sketch of the updated terminal of Cardiff International Airport.	Cardiff International Airport's maintenance facilities are some of the largest in Europe.

Charles de Gaulle Airport (CDG/LFPG)
Terminal two at Charles de Gaulle Airport.	Diagram explaining the causes behind the collapse of the roof of terminal 2E.	Charles de Gaulle Airport is one of the busiest in Europe.
Hall F's departure area.	A future transportation mode for inter-terminal travel is currently being tested. The system is located between halls C and F.	Terminal two at Charles de Gaulle Airport.
Terminal one is a complex circular building with seven satellites designed to allow as many planes as possible to park around them.

Copenhagen Airport
Copenhagen has developed a revolutionary baggage handling system.	Copenhagen Airport is adjacent to the E20 motorway.	The new aircraft control tower uses a system developed in Canada.
Copenhagen Airport hosted over 21 million passengers in 2007.	Copenhagen Airport is one of three main hubs for SAS.	A feature of pier C, designed by Holm and Grut Architects, which opened in 2001.

Copernicus Airport, Wrocław
The front of the new terminal building at Copernicus Airport with landscaped areas for passengers to relax.	The arrangement of airbridges, gates and apron at the new terminal building.	The design of Copernicus Airport's new terminal building.
An aerial view of Copernicus Airport, showing the position of the old terminal, the proposed site of the new terminal and the road connections.	The check-in concourse of the new terminal.	New terminal air bridges for passenger convenience.
The Copernicus Airport new terminal retail concourse.	The ATC tower.	The existing terminal building completed in 1998.

Cork International Airport (ORK/EICK)
Roof design showing four-limbed tree columns supporting a lightweight single span curved roof deck.	Wide-bodied aircraft using the new taxiway.	The new terminal building has 25,000m² of floor space – more than double that of the existing one.
The new terminal at Cork International Airport.	The new air traffic control tower at the airport.	The new terminal opened for operations on 15 August 2006.

Corovera Airport,
The City of Murcia will benefit economically from the Corovera Airport development, as will the entire region.	Murcia hopes to triple the number of visitors as a result of Corovera Airport but a great deal of other infrastructure is being improved as well in the period leading to 2020.	The region of Murcia is seeing an unprecedented number of golf courses being developed.
Murcia is in the south of Spain but away from the coast in more hilly regions.	Murcia is currently served by two airports but a third will bring a new influx of visitors.

Domodedovo International Airport (DME/UUDD),
In response to a significant increase in passenger numbers, Domodedovo International Airport is undergoing a major expansion programme.	The current terminal is coping well with the increased passenger numbers during 2005.	DME is currently the only airport in Russia with a direct rail link to a terminal in the capital.
The BA Navigator Club Lounge opened in 2003.	Security has reached a new high at the airport.	A series of new terminals (T2, T3 and T4) will be built as extensions to the existing terminal (T1).
The reconstruction of the existing passenger terminal (T1) was completed in 2003, making it Russia's most advanced passenger facility.	Maintenance facilities at Domodedovo are second to none with the ability to service all major aircraft types.

Donetsk International Airport (DOK/UKCC)
The Donetsk International terminal building is being extended and modernised.	The Donetsk International Airport primary runway is being extended so that it can take larger aircraft.	Work will be completed on the airport by 2010 in time for the European football championships.
Approach lights on the refurbished Donetsk International runway.	One of the LED lights to be used on the runway.

Dublin Airport Expansion
The integration of the new development with the original Dublin Airport terminal is very important. The investment into the new terminal is $395m (£265m), and work began in mid-2007 with construction set to be complete within three years.	The airside viewing platform of Dublin Airport's new terminal. The terminal includes a comfortable departures lounge that will have shops and catering facilities with views of the airfield.	Dublin Airport's new pier D development. The two-storey, 15,000m³ pier will have 12 gates serving 14 new aircraft contact stands and will be 257m long and 29m wide.
Construction work is underway at the airport, which is still in full operation. When the new terminal is complete, Dublin Airport will have a capacity of 35 million passengers a year and an extra 20 aircraft boarding gates.	The airport will have much improved areas for departing passengers. T2 will have 9,000m² of retail and catering outlets. The revenue from these outlets and other commercial income such as car parking fees will help minimise passenger charges at Dublin Airport.	The new terminal concourses will be light, airy and very spacious. T2 will have 58 check-in desks and ample provision for self-service and online check-in and baggage drop. A new facility will allow transatlantic passengers to clear US customs and border protection before departure.
Terminal two from the landside. T2 will be served by its own dedicated arrivals and departures roads and will comprise a check-in hall and a departures hall connected by a bridge that forms the central spine of the building.

Düsseldorf International Airport (DUS/EDDL)
Düsseldorf International is the third largest airport in Germany.	The completed Terminus was completed and opened on 1 July 2001.	Düsseldorf Airport services 45,000 passengers and handles 500 major goods on a daily basis.
The new terminal building at Düsseldorf International Airport.	The site is intensively developed along the southern edge. The emerging Airport City project is towards the extreme right.	The main terminal complex houses the Skytrain western terminal at high level, (top left in this view) and the S-Bahn station beneath.
New facilities built to replace those destroyed in 1996 have high levels of security and emergency access.	The 2.5km Skytrain link runs along the southern edge of the site.	The project included this terminal incorporating the main line railway station and Skytrain terminus.
With the removal of check-in desks, the station terminal’s facilities are mainly used by visitors to the observation area.	With the acquisition of LTU, the Air Berlin group became the main operator at Düsseldorf International.

East Midlands Airport
In 2000 a new cargo facility was built at the airport for £35m.	The airport was a public enterprise before being bought by National Express Group for £24.3m in 1993.	Of the total cargo handled in the UK in 2008, East Midlands Airport handled 34.4%.
East Midlands Airport is about eight miles from the city of Derby and within 20 miles of Nottingham and Leicester.	A master plan for the airport has been prepared for 2006 to 2030.	East Midlands Airport gained the internationally accepted environmental management ISO 14001 accreditation in 2002.

Edinburgh International Airport,
Edinburgh International Airport opened in 1977 and is Scotland's capital airport.	Edinburgh Airport check-in hall.	An aerial view of Edinburgh Airport showing the terminal and runways.
Edinburgh Airport gate lounge.	Planned extension to the airport lounge.	The first phase of the project includes construction of a new departure lounge.
BAA plans to invest °240m over the next ten years at Edinburgh Airport.	Edinburgh's ATC tower allows a 360° view of the airport stands, runways and aircraft movements.	The ATC tower from the terminal building.

Eleftherios Venizelos International Airport
Athens International Airport, about 30km east of Athens, Greece, was officially opened in March 2001.	The owner of the new airport is Athens International Airport SA, with 55% of shares held by the Greek state, and the rest owned by a private consortium.	The airport is designed with two parallel runways enabling simultaneous take-offs and landings, which are connected to a double taxiway system.
Private Greek contractors undertook around 70% of the construction work.	The new main terminal at Athens International Airport has a total floor surface of 150,000m² on four levels and can service around 10 million passengers a year.	The baggage handling system involved the installation of 144 check-in counters, 16 racetracks and two tilt tray sorters as well as around 3,000m of belt conveyors.
The airport can handle 65 take-offs and landings per hour, or 600 per day. Capacity could be expanded to accommodate 50 million passengers a year.	Upon completion, the new airport's final capacity was 16 million passengers a year and 220,000t/yr of cargo.	The interchange at the Attiki Odos near the Athens International Airport.
Decoration outside the main Eleftherios Venizelos terminal building in in keeping with the Greek heritage of the airport.

EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg (BSL)
EuroAirport invested €345 million in expansion work over seven years.	Construction of the Southern terminal showing the internal supports and the roof.	EuroAirport is operated by both Swiss and French authorities.
The completed southern terminal showing the glazed pyramids in the roof.	The new 'Y'-shaped finger dock at EuroAirport.	Inside the main southern terminal concourse.
Aeroplanes parked at new EuroAirport Terminal 6.	The southern terminal check in area.	An airplane arriving at EuroAirport.
The 'Y' shaped finger dock allows passengers to reach their planes on foot via the shortest route.

Faro International Airport
Faro International Airport's check-in area.	After expansion, the aircraft parking bays at the airport are planned to increase from 22 to 33.	The departures area at the passengers terminal of Faro airport.
The airport's air traffic control tower.	Faro International Airport handled 5,447,200 passengers in 2008.	The airport currently handles 22 aircraft per hour and the expansion programme plans to increase this to 30.

Ferihegy Airport, Budapest
The original Terminal 1 was demolished in 2004 to make way for a new Terminal.	The new Terminal 1 was opened in September 2005 and serves all the low-cost airlines flying to Hungary.	In April 2006 the new taxiway, named Julietta, was opened.
The modernised Terminal 1 is capable of handling over 2.5 million passengers a year.	Ferihegy is by far the largest of Hungary's four airports.	The construction contractor, Magyar Építõ Részvénytársaság, reconstructed the building using a generic steel frame structure.

Francisco SA Carneiro (Oporto) Airport, Porto
Francisco SA Carneiro Airport's new terminal building cost €108m.	The innovative skylights in the roof of Oporto Airport.	The roof structure was very complex but was engineered by WS Atkins.
Cables to brace the structure were provided by Macalloy.	The new terminal gates at Francisco SA Carneiro Airport will mean more capacity.	The terminal has allowed space to provide facilities for over six million passengers a year.

Frankfurt International Airport (FRA/EDDF)
Frankfurt Airport, owned by Fraport AG, is Germany's main airport hub.	The current runway capacity of 80 coordinated take offs and landings each hour falls short of the demand for up to 100 aircraft movements an hour.	About 15% of slot requests during peak traffic periods cannot be met at present.
The projects underway in 2005 for expanding capacity at Frankfurt include the construction of a new landing runway, a third passenger terminal (Terminal 3) and a new maintenance hangar for A380 long-haul wide-body aircraft.	The fourth runway will run parallel to two older runways but still allow simultaneous operation.	By 2015, FRA will be able to serve well over 80 million passengers per year and about 2.8t of air cargo.

Frankfurt-Hahn Airport
Frankfurt-Hahn Airport now has the facilities and capacity to serve eight million passengers a year.	Ryanair is a major operator from the Frankfurt-Hahn Airport.	The terminal building is now integrated under one roof.
The Frankfurt-Hahn runway has been extended to 3,800m.	The cargo capacity at Frankfurt-Hahn Airport has been boosted by the establishment of several new cargo centres in the area.

Frederick Chopin International Airport, Warsaw
The departures area of the new terminal at Frederic Chopin Airport is finished but has failed its fire safety inspection.	Frederic Chopin International's T2 has been integrated with the older terminal one built in 1992.	The façade of Frederic Chopin Airport's Terminal two.
The project has included apron and runway improvements.	The new check-in area will add 89 check-in areas to Frederic Chopin International's arrivals halls.

Gardermoen Airport (GEN/ENGM), Oslo
Gardermoen Airport, near Oslo in Norway, was built in 1994 with design capacity for 17 million passengers per year.	For departures and transfer baggage, a destination-coded vehicle system called Bagtrax was integrated to allow common check-in.	The check-in comprises 64 positions for standard baggage, divided into three islands.
Through the use of Bagtrax it is possible to transport transfer baggage from one pier to the other pier within five minutes.	Gardermoen Airport near Oslo is managed by Oslo Lufthavn AS (OSLE).	The undulating roof of Gardermoen's main terminal building.
Structural steel in the airport building.	The roof of the central building has ten pairs of wooden beams each supported by three solid columns.	Internal decoration of Gardermoen Airport's terminal building.

Gardermoen Rail Link
The route of the Gardermoen Airport link.	The 16 new three-car class 71 EMU trains for Gardermoen services are derived from the Swedish SJ class X2-2	The aerodynamic nose of the class 71 EMU high-speed train.
Track laying and welding for the new Gardermoen rail link.	Inside the passenger compartment.	The railway is electrified at 15kV, laid to German ICE 200km/h standards and is all double-track except for 3.5km close to the junction at Eidsvoll.
The Gardermoen Airport train station under construction.	The Gardermoen railway class 71 EMU high-speed train.	The section of line from Eidsvoll to Lillestrom via the airport is completely new.
The Eidsvoll station terminal platform.

Gatwick Airport
Pier 6's air bridge being lifted into position.	The structural steel that supports the passenger bridge.	One of the supports beneath the Pier 6 air bridge.
Computer-generated modelling of the Gatwick air bridge.	Modelling of the support for the Pier 6 passenger bridge.	The airport has two terminals, designated as north and south.
Gatwick Airport Railway Station, situated next to South Terminal, provides links to Brighton, London Victoria and London Bridge stations.	In spring 2005 Gatwick issued an outline of the designated master plan.	The last major expansion at Gatwick took place in 1979.

Gazipasa-Alanya Airport
The new Gazipasa-Alanya Airport will provide shorter transfers for European visitors.	TAV is in talks with EasyJet about operations at Gazipasa-Alanya Airport.	Gazipasa and Alanya are about two hours from Antalya Airport and so the new airport will be more convenient for tourists.
Gazipasa-Alanya Airport was refused a licence in 1999 because of concerns over a mountain at the end of the too-short runway.	The Gazipasa-Alanya area is receiving a boost in property prices because of the project.

George Best Belfast City Airport (BHD/EGAC),
The Belfast City Airport terminal building opened in summer 2001.	Belfast City Airport adjoins premises of former owner Bombardier and the landmark Harland and Wolff shipyard.	The open areas of Belfast City Airport give the terminal great operational flexibility.
Landside public areas at BCA are spacious and provide views of airport operation.	The largest City Airport operator is Flybe – one of their Embraer 195s at Belfast.	Ryanair's 737-800s are amongst the types subject to take-off restrictions caused by runway length at Belfast City Airport.
Although rail services to Belfast City Airport are improved and a request shuttle is available, air-rail interchange would benefit from a halt nearer the present terminal.	Over 95% of air transport for a resurgent Northern Ireland is handled by Belfast's two airports.	Only two miles from City Airport, central Belfast illustrates renewed confidence in the commercial sector.

Glasgow Airport Skyhub Project, Scotland
The Skyhub at Glasgow Airport.	The retail improvements to the Glasgow Airport will make a big difference to the passenger experience.	The Skyhub is part of a bigger Glasgow Airport master plan due to be completed by 2030.
Glasgow Airport will be about the passenger and passenger comfort.	Glasgow Airport terminal prior to the Skyhub project.	An aerial view of Glasgow Airport.

Guernsey Airport (GCI/EGJB), Channel Islands
Guernsey Airport has built a new terminal building as part of a redevelopment programme.	The new terminal was designed to accommodate forecast increases of air traffic over a 25-year period, along with a need for improved car parking, bus services and taxi facilities.	Phase two of the project will include the construction of additional apron aircraft stands of pavement quality concrete (PQC) on the site of the old terminal.
The old terminal building prior to its demolition in May 2004.	The new AGL system provides ATC staff with direct control over all aeronautical ground lighting circuits in use at the airport.	Touchscreen control from the AGL system showing the fault detection alarm system.

Heathrow Express
The route of the Heathrow Express.	Construction work on the 5-mile tunnel section of the line under the airport.	Completed section of the 5-mile tunnel.
Heathrow Express trains run for much of their journey along the Great Western main-line.	The trains' sliding doors provide almost level platform access.	The Heathrow Express class 332 train from Siemens undergoing a programme of trials.
Heathrow Express passenger coach interior.

Helsinki-Vantaa International Airport
In March 2006 Finavia announced its decision to construct a World Trade Centre tower at the airport.	The expansion of T2 includes the construction of a long-haul lounge and a new baggage handling centre.	The airport has three runways, a domestic terminal and an international terminal.

Henri Coandă International Airport
Henri Coandă International Airport handled 71,137 aircraft movements in 2008.	Henri Coandă International Airport is located in Otopeni, 16.5km north-west of Bucharest, Romania.	The airport's international arrival hall is planned to be extended by 2,000m².
Henri Coandă International Airport has a shopping mall in the departures area.	The international departures hall features ten gates, five of which are facilitated with jetways or aerobridges.	The passageway offers several facilities such as a currency exchange, pharmacy, public phones, post office, medical insurance and other retail shops.
The three different halls, sometimes confused as three separate terminals, are connected by a passageway.

Ireland West Airport Knock,
Bmi baby is one of the main operators from the airport currently with a route to Birmingham, Glasgow and Manchester.	Ireland West Airport Knock was first opened in 1986.	The check-in area will now be patrolled by the Garda.
Ireland West Airport has recently received a €27m development grant.	The terminal building extension will give the airport an increase in capacity of 300,000 passengers a year.	The juice bar at the terminal where there is a Wi-Fi hotspot.
The terminal building at Ireland West Airport Knock in May 2006.

Isle of Man Airport (IOM, EGNS),
The front entrance of the Isle of Man Airport which was refurbished in the 1990s.	The new 35.3m ATC tower.	The old 19m air traffic control tower which is no longer suitable for the Isle of Man Airport.
The extension of the main runway will require a reclaimed land area projecting into the sea.	The new Isle of Man ATC will be built in a better position than the old tower so that operations can be controlled more efficiently.

Larnaca International Airport (LCA/LCLK)
Between 1985 and 2000, the growth rate in passenger movements at Larnaca International Airport was higher than the European Union average. As a result of this, and anticipated further growth, the airport is constructing a new terminal.	The airport has 30 international airlines and 30 charter airlines using it at present. One of the major operators is Cyprus Airways.	Larnaca International Airport will also get a new road link.
Larnaca International Airport is the largest in Cyprus, and a key destination for holidaymakers going to the popular resort of Ayia Napa, just 46km from the airport's location.	The old terminal at Larnaca International Airport is due to be turned into a cargo facility when the new terminal opens in 2009.

Leeds Bradford International Airport (LBA/EGNM)
The old Leeds Bradford terminal with its crescent shape.	The original LBA terminal burned down and a new one was constructed between 1965 and 1968.	There will be significant improvements at the Leeds Bradford Airport.
LBA will see additional apron space and a new parallel taxiway.	Roads and parking will also be improved at Leeds Bradford Airport.	LBA hopes to attract seven million passengers a year by 2015.

Leonardo da Vinci Airport (FCO/LIRF),
There are now five terminals at Leonardo da Vinci Airport, the most recent opening in April 2008.	Leonardo da Vinci Airport's main runway was recently refurbished to allow its use by the A380.	The pier C expansions will add five million passengers a year capacity.
By 2018 the airport is expected to handle 55 million passengers a year.	Leonardo da Vinci Airport has an excellent rail connection to the centre of Rome.

Liège (Bierset) Airport Expansion
Liège is one of the pre-eminent cargo airports in Europe.	Liège Airport has exceptional cargo-handling facilities.	The master plan detailing work at Liège Airport.
A new passenger terminal was opened at Liège Airport in 2005.	Liège's new terminal has capacity for one million passengers.	The terminal handles mostly holiday charter flights but even this area of Liège Airport's business is expanding.
The new passenger terminals cost €26m to construct and outfit.

Ljubljana-Jože Puènik Airport
The setting for Ljubljana-Jože Pučnik Airport is breathtaking and there is ample land for expansion.	Ljubljana-Jože Pučnik's envisaged terminal two building.	Preparation for construction underway (apron expansion).
Wizz Air is a well established low cost carrier at Ljubljana-Jože Pučnik Airport.	Ljubljana-Jože Pučnik's T2 plan as a model.	The original T1 at Ljubljana-Jože Pučnik Airport prior to renovation.

London Heathrow Airport (LHA/EGLL)
Heathrow air traffic control tower construction.	Heathrow ATC tower cab movement.	Heathrow ATC tower showing cable stays.
The UK National Air Traffic Services (NATS) has installed a BEST ATC Tower Simulator from Micro Nav for London Heathrow Airport.	The 87m-high ATC tower at London Heathrow.

London Heathrow Airport (LHA/EGLL) Terminal 5
Artist's impression of the new terminal five at Heathrow Airport. The terminal opened in April 2008 with the second phase due to open in 2011.	Aerial view of T5 showing the proximity of the M25.	Terminal five interchange area.
Main terminal interior view (concourse A).	Overview of the T5 site.	Aerial view of Heathrow airport in 2001. The terminal five project required an estimated investment of over £4.2bn.
Heathrow Airport became heavily congested as a result of the delays to the terminal five project.	By building terminal five, air traffic levels are expected to increase to accommodate an extra 30 million customers each year.	T5 opened in March 2008.
The new Heathrow terminal will be able to handle over 27 million passengers a year.	The T5 roof weighs 18,500t and is held up by 22 supports.	Heathrow's new terminal underwent extensive testing in the run up to the opening day. Sadly, this did not prevent teething problems.

London Luton Airport (LTN/EGGW)
Space for a people-mover connection to Luton Airport's mainline railway station was provided alongside the new access road.	The 1999 terminal (centre right) accommodates check-in and retail functions previously in the 1985 terminal (centre left).	A recently added business model is represented by business-class operator Silverjet.
Adding more gates and improved airside facilities, the new terminal also closed Luton Airport's original access road.	Although a compact site, LLA has extensive support facilities, including Monarch Aircraft Engineering (pictured).	Luton-based EasyJet is the main low-cost operator at the airport.
Luton has a cargo terminal and fixed-base operations of Harrods Aviation and Signature Flight Support.	Withdrawal of the LLA Master Plan in 2007 appears to have lifted the threat to the rural landscape east of Luton.

London Stansted Airport (STN/EGSS)
Earlier Stansted Airport development was on the north side of runway 05/23.	Stansted's award-winning design remains distinctive and effective.	The terminal's flexible interior space divides arrivals and departures laterally.
Stansted airside connections to gates are by foot or people mover.	Westinghouse-type automatic people mover vehicles operate on a loop beneath two of the piers.	Low-cost carriers account for over 80% of passengers using London Stansted Airport.
Unusually for a UK airport, the modern Stansted development included a railway connection.	Ramps give access from the main terminal level to car parks and the railway station.	Stansted expansion plans are meeting strong resistance that draws upon environmental implications for this rural area.

Lviv International Airport
An aerial view of the proposed Lviv airport reconstruction.	Lviv is situated in western Ukraine. Its airport provides easy access to Europe.	Lviv's airport is 6km west of the historical city Lviv.
Lviv's original terminal building was constructed in 1950.	The new terminal construction is expected to take two years and is scheduled to start service in November 2011.	Lviv airport's total passenger handling capacity will increase to 5.69 million passengers a year.
The new hotel complex will serve up to 1,200 people.

Madrid Barajas International Airport (MAD/LEMD)
Madrid Barajas airport has embarked on a €2.91bn expansion programme.	The new terminal building will have an annual capacity of 35 million passengers.	The wing-shaped building will have a total floor area of over 470,000m² and is designed with a wide range of environmentally friendly, energy consumption reducing installations.
The new satellite building will be capable of handling an additional 15 million passengers a year.	The new terminal will host an automatic baggage handling system, capable of handling up to 16,500 pieces of luggage an hour.	The interior length of the new terminal at Madrid Barajas International seems to go on forever.
The innovative wave style structure of the roof of Madrid Barajas's new terminal building.	The terminal roof has glass domes to let in natural light.	With the new T4 facility Barajas is now designed to handle 70 million passengers annually.
The Madrid Barajas new terminal has an automatic baggage handling system capable of handling up to 16,500 pieces of luggage an hour.

Malaga Airport New Terminal Building, Costa Del Sol
Malaga Airport's second runway will be important as flights and passenger numbers increase beyond the 2006 figures.	The apron areas of Malaga Airport will be extended as well.	Construction work on Malaga's new terminal is causing some disruption to traffic flow around the airport. Hence the advice from AENA to use public transport.
3,000 new parking spaces are planned for Malaga Airport.	Construction will be completed by 2010 and new highway links to Malaga Airport are promised for shortly after that.

Manchester Airport (MAN/EGCC)
The opening of Manchester's second runway was an important stage of the airport's development.	Manchester Airport's new control tower should be in operation by 2009.	The much-expanded and upgraded terminal one is Manchester's busiest.
To cope with rising passenger numbers, Manchester's terminal two may be extended at the western end.	A new platform will help reduce this type of 'stacking' caused by the lack of space at Manchester Airport station.	The central transport hub ('The Station') is linked at high level by walkways to the Manchester Airport terminals.
Manchester's 'World Freight Terminal' handles many scheduled services from the Far East.	The east of terminal three (back right) offers space for extension.	A ground transport plan target is for Metrolink light rail to reach the airport site to encourage higher use of public transport.

Manchester Metrolink
One of the six second-phase trams at Piccadilly Gardens in Manchester city centre.	The route at this point mixes closely with heavily-used bus and pedestrian routes.	Each of the new trams has a section with tip-up seats where a wheelchair can be accommodated.
A Metrolink tram near Manchester Piccadilly rail terminus.	Second-tranche tram at Broadway, the temporary terminus on the line to Eccles.	A notice displayed at Broadway, advising users of the latest progress on the extension to Eccles.

Manchester-Boston Regional Airport (MHT/KMHT),
Manchester-Boston Airport has been expanding since the 1990s and is within 50 miles of Boston.	The facilities have improved to the extent that the Manchester-Boston Airport handles around four million passengers a year.	The Manchester-Boston terminal facilities are modern and well equipped.
The runways have been undergoing refurbishment and safety improvements in recent years (resurfacing and extending).	Manchester-Boston Airport has the reputation of always being open and never closing for bad weather.

Munich International Airport (MUC/EDDM)
The interior of Munich Airport at night.	Terminal 1 of Munich Airport.	Terminal 2 at Munich International Airport.
Aerial view of Munich International Airport.	Inside terminal 2 of Munich Airport.	Terminal building and control tower
Built on a large site in the modern era, MUC incorporates a more comprehensive infrastructure than most European airports.	Munich Airport now handles more Lufthansa domestic flights than Frankfurt.	The Maglev would enter the airport centre from the west near the present S-Bahn line, at the left of the spectator hill in this view.
Like many German airports, MUC provides extensive facilities for visitors and spectators.	A response to greatly increased passenger numbers and freight tonnage, a third runway would be built on this north side of the present Munich Airport site.

New Notre-Dame-Des-Landes Airport,
The new Nantes Airport will have an integrated terminal with contact gates and an ATC tower.	The new Notre-Dame-Des-Landes Airport will be on a convenient site in the region to best stimulate economic development.	There will be two runways and also a cargo terminal at the new Notre-Dame-Des-Landes Airport.
Intermodal transport is an important issue with road and rail connections to the airport being a major planning consideration.	The project has received support from all the major political parties in France except the Green Party.

Newcastle International Airport Expansion
Newcastle International's new £8.2m air traffic control tower.	The airport is expanding to accommodate projected traffic of ten million passengers by 2016.	The airport expansion is expected to create more than 3,500 jobs over the next decade.
In 2006 Newcastle International Airport was recognised as the fastest growing regional airport in the UK by Civil Aviation Authority figures.	Newcastle Airport has been linked to the city centre by Tyne and Wear Metro since 1991.	The Newcastle Airport terminal area was doubled by extensions opened in 2004.
Newcastle serves a wide range of destinations from UK regional to intercontinental.

Paphos International Airport
Following the upgrade, Paphos Airport will be able to handle 2.7 million passengers a year.	Paphos International Airport's new terminal building is 20,000ft².	Passenger numbers at Paphos Airport are increasing by 3.5% to 4% a year.
Hermes Airports Ltd has the concession to operate Paphos Airport for 25 years.	The runway extension at Paphos International means that larger aircraft can be handled at the airport.

Plovdiv Airport
From left to right, the Bulgarian Minister of Transport, Prime Minister and Plovdiv Airport's director officially announce the new terminal open.	Landside view of the departures entry of Plovdiv Airport.	Plovdiv Airport landside view on the opening day. The roof was not yet covered with panels as swallows had built their nests during the construction period. It will be finished in the fall once the swallows fly south for the winter season.
Public area inside the terminal inside at Plovdiv Airport.	Check-in area. A total of ten check-in desks, are equipped with local departure control systems.

Portela Airport (LIS/LPPT), Lisbon
Passengers and cargo levels are increasing rapidly at Portela Airport in Lisbon. This heavy usage has necessitated several schemes to enhance capacity.	The national airport authority, ANA Aeroportos de Portugal, has announced that Lisbon's international airport at Portela will have 50% more capacity once proposed work has been concluded.	A study by ANA Aeroportos de Portugal and EUROCONTROL showed that the airport had overly complex ground circulation, two crossing runways (one with operational restrictions), no parallel taxiway running the full length of the runways, high runway occupancy and unsuitable runway exits.
To meet the anticipated increase in traffic, ABB Airport Systems was contracted to install a new flight information and gate and position allocation system.	The first raft of improvements led to an increase in the number of aircraft movements from 30 per hour to 40 per hour during 2004-05.

Prague-Ruzyne Airport (PRG/LKPR) EUropa Project
Model of the airport terminals including the new additions.	Side elevation drawings of the new Terminal North Two building.	Map of Prague-Ruzyne Airport.
Construction of the water purification facility.	Construction of the connecting building.	Construction of road supports.
The Pier C arrival and departure gate area (three levels) is located northwest of the new terminal.	A two-storey building, accommodating new technology and a large retail area, connects the old and new terminals.	The Terminal North Two building.
Construction of pier C.	The site of the Terminal North Two building.	The baggage-handling system at Prague-Ruzyne Airport.
Prague-Ruzyne main airport departure concourse with flight information display.	One of the new boarding bridges in terminal north two.	Prague-Ruzyne airport has new fire stations and new fire rescue vehicles.
Prague-Ruzyne Airport multi-storey car park.

Priština International Airport, Kosovo
The runway at Priština International Airport had to be repaired as it had large cracks in it.	Security wasre-established as part of the airport upgrade with new fencing.	Priština International Airport's fire station now has new vehicles.
The main terminal at Priština Airport.	Kosovo has had a troubled past but now the airport has made itself a success and has put the past behind it.	The arrivals terminal at Priština International.
Priština International Airport services are improving all the time.	The ATC services at Priština International had to be rebuilt.	The upgraded equipment and fittings gives Priština International's terminal a look like any other small airport in Europe.
The departure terminal also had to be repaired prior to the airportre-establishing commercial services.

Pulkovo Airport Expansion
Terminal one of Pulkovo Airport. The airport was originally built with one terminal in 1932 to handle mail and passengers. In 1951 the airport terminal was redesigned to handle larger aircraft.	One of the GOMACO paving trains. The paving train, consists of a PS-2600 placer / spreader, four-track GHP-2800 with auto-float, and a T/C-600 texture / cure machine.	Paving and curing underway. Paving production averaged 3ft (1m) a minute, with their highest daily production reaching 1,570yd³ (1,200m³).
The repaving project has now created the only runway in Russia capable of receiving the A380. The reconstruction of Pulkovo Airport's second runway is scheduled to begin in the third quarter of 2007.	The extent of the runway refurbishment project in 2006. Other projects in 2006 included interior redesign at Moskva and Ladoga bars, an additional waiting room with 72 seats furnished and opened, and some passenger elevators being replaced with new bigger and better ones.

Riga International Airport (RIX/EVRA)
Riga's new terminal extension will provide new gates and will be integrated into the existing buildings.	The new terminal departure area at Riga International Airport.	The expansion due to be completed will provide a range of integrated airport services.
Riga Airport currently handles over three million passengers a year.

Sabiha Gokcen International Airport
Sabiha Gokcen International Airport is on the Anatolian shore of Istanbul.	Sabiha Gokcen International Airport is one of two key airports in Istanbul, Turkey.	The airport was developed as a Greenfield project.

Schiphol Airport (AMS/EHAM), Amsterdam
The construction of the new runway includes 500,000m³ of soil, 650,000m³ of sand, 750,000t of foundation material, 270,000t of asphalt and 130km of drainage.(Photo courtesy of Aerophoto-Schiphol b.v.)	Polderbaan is 3,800m long and 75m wide. The Polderbaan is located 2,100m north of Zwanenburgbaan, the 01L-19R runway. The northern tip of the runway is approximately 7km from the Amsterdam Airport Schiphol control tower.	Replacement of rainwater sewage pipes under Runway 09-27.
The viaduct that will be used as a taxiway has been constructed above one of the main waterways in the Schiphol area.	The automatic border passage system utilises iris registration. A photograph is taken of the iris and the image is subsequently encoded and recorded on the chip of a personal smart card.	The automatic border passage system process involves a second photograph of the iris being taken at the 'border'. If the iris information matches the data on the smart card, the passenger can proceed to the gate.
Amsterdam Airport Schiphol will begin operating the new main runway in phases culminating in the full opening from November 1, 2003.(Photo courtesy of Aerophoto-Schiphol b.v.)

Sheremetyevo International Airport (SVO/UUEE),
Satellite image of Sheremetyevo International Airport.

Sofia Airport (SOF/LBSF)
The new front entrance of Sofia Airport.	Terminal two at Sofia Airport has a capacity of 2.6 million passengers a year.	All areas of Sofia Airport's terminal two have good access for disabled passengers.
The new terminal has a number of passenger lounges.	The old and new integrated together at Sofia Airport.	The new runway and the old runway, which has now been converted into a taxiway.
The departures area in Sofia Airport.	The departures terminal from the outside.	The arrivals area in Sofia Airport.
An external view of the arrivals area.

Tirana (Mother Teresa) International Airport, Rinas
The new Tirana International Airport terminal is modern, spacious and of excellent design.	Tirana's new terminal can handle one million passengers a year.	Other infrastructure has been upgraded at Tirana International Airport under the terms of the concession.
During Tirana International Airport's inauguration ceremony in March 2007 an acrobatic display was given to the 600 guests.	The runway and apron / taxiways at Tirana International will all be upgraded.

Tolmachevo International Airport Expansion and Refurbishment
Boarding a new Boeing 737-800 Hainan Airlines aircraft at Tolmachevo Airport.	The S7 is the largest domestic carrier based at Tolmachevo International Airport.	The new renovation of the domestic terminal at Tolmachevo International.
The modernisation of the domestic terminal extension block has allowed a great improvement in the level of passenger comfort and services.	The first floor of Tolmachevo's new passenger terminal has a great number of new facilities for passengers.	The refurbishment has lent a bright new airy feel to the terminal and provided comfortable seating in the gate areas.

Toulouse-Blagnac International Airport
The 'Hemicycle' of the new hall D at Toulouse-Blagnac Airport.	The front entrance of Toulouse Airport.	Toulouse-Blagnac Airport has four major projects underway.
Hall A was the first part to be refurbished prior to the Grande Travaux 2009 initiative.	Toulouse-Blagnac Airport will have more terminal boarding gates following the improvements.	An aerial view of the Toulouse terminal building following the improvements.
Toulouse-Blagnac Airport is the fourth largest in France and is a major hub for the South of France.

Vienna Airport Skylink Project
The Skylink ATC tower completed in 2006 is 109m tall.	A plan view of Skylink at Vienna International Airport.	The new Skylink terminal extension departures drop-off area.
Skylink check-in at Vienna International Airport.	The Skylink construction site in 2006.	Skylink will increase Vienna International Airport's capacity to 24 million passengers a year.
Construction has continued while the airport is still in operation.	Vienna International's new pier will have 51 gates.	Skylink will have a distinctive curved shape.

Vnukovo International Airport Expansion Project
The domestic terminal at Vnukovo International Airport.	Only one of the runways is currently used at Vnukovo Airport.	Vnukovo is only 28km from the centre of Moscow, making it popular with VIP travellers.
The 'V' shaped arrangement of the current two runways at Vnukovo International Airport.	Vnukovo Airport's older international terminal at night.

Zagreb (Pleso) Airport
Zagreb Airport has enjoyed unprecedented success over that last few years with growth of 14% a year.	The Pleso terminal will use as many energy-saving and sustainable features as possible in its construction.	The new Zagreb Airport terminal design was chosen by an international competition by a jury of nine from 16 other projects.
The new terminal will have a nominal capacity of 3.3 million passengers a year.

Zaragoza Airport (ZAZ/LEZG),
Zaragoza Airport has been expanded to cover the period of the expo and also to encourage tourism.	Zaragoza Airport has seen new parking areas for passengers and additional apron space for aircraft.	The terminal building is formed from 11 modules which will allow easier expansion in the future.
The terminal building will now allow a new capacity of one million passengers a year.	The roof at Zaragoza Airport has a wave form shape to engage with the subject of the expo.

Zurich International Airport (ZRH/LSZH)
The fifth expansion aimed to transform Zurich airport into a truly world-leading air-transport hub.	The airside centre forms the centrepiece of the fifth expansion project.	The airside centre provides a connection between terminals A and B, and is the central hub of Zurich International Airport.
The new midfield pier was designed to improve passenger processing, from terminals A and B to airside.	Skymetro is an air-cushioned Automated People Mover (APM) transport system which links the airside centre and midfield pier.	A robotic baggage loading system was installed at Zurich in 2004 for an extensive 12-month field trial.
Two three-lane de-icing pads greatly reduce the amount of time aircraft need to spend on the ground in the winter.	The fifth expansion includes 429,000m² of new taxiway.	Zurich Airport is now able to handle up to 80 flight movements an hour.
Construction work started in January 2000 and the new airside facilities were phased into operation at this busy airport up to mid-2005.	Zurich Airport's airside centre with a piano bar.	The Zurich Airport fifth expansion has been criticised.
The mid-field terminal has made Zurich Airport more efficient.	Zurich's passenger traffic is now recovering to the levels of just before 2001.	The Zurich Airport expansion has led to the introduction of more retail outlets which generate revenue.

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